In two-thirds of couples, the female partner was the one who had HIV. None of the 2026 participants (1013 couples) in the new study had been in Partners PrEP, and all were new to antiretroviral therapy, whether taken as treatment or PrEP. The surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis (the retractable fold of tissue that covers the head of the penis) to reduce the risk of HIV infection in men. It is an ongoing project which will not finish until December 2016. The Partners Demonstration Project (PDP) is being run in Kenya and Uganda in four centres that had hosted the Partners PrEP study, which demonstrated high levels of effectiveness for PrEP within serodiscordant couples. And it is the first study of treatment as prevention to document near-elimination of HIV transmission not just from the HIV-positive partner in a serodiscordant couple, but also from extramarital partners. It is the first large study in Africa to use a ‘risk score’ specifically to target the intervention to those most at risk of HIV.
It is the first to combine the ideas of PrEP and of 'treatment as prevention' in a systematic and sequenced way. This study was a first in a number of ways. Giving both pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) to heterosexual couples where one partner has HIV (serodiscordant couples) can almost eliminate the chance of infection in the HIV-negative partner, a study presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2015) in Seattle, USA, yesterday has shown.
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